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  7 июля 2023 г., 15:34:30 PDT

  To create an immutable class in Java, you can follow these various approaches: Java Classes In Pune

  1. Make the class final: Declare your class as final to prevent it from being subclassed and ensure that its state cannot be modified.

  2. Declare all fields private and final: By making fields private, you restrict direct access to them from outside the class. Adding the final keyword ensures that the fields cannot be modified after initialization.

  3. Do not provide setter methods: Omitting setter methods prevents external modifications to the class's state.

  4. Avoid returning mutable objects: If your class contains fields that refer to mutable objects, ensure that you return defensive copies of those objects instead of the original references. This prevents external modification of the class's internal state.

  5. Initialize all fields in the constructor: Set all the fields of the class in the constructor, either directly or through defensive copying, to ensure that they are properly initialized and cannot be modified later.

  6. Make defensive copies of mutable objects: If your class includes references to mutable objects passed in the constructor, create defensive copies of those objects to prevent external modification.

  7. Make sure methods cannot be overridden: To ensure that the behavior of your class cannot be altered, declare all methods as final or make the class itself final.

  8. Take care with mutable instance variables: If your class contains mutable objects as instance variables, take extra precautions to ensure their immutability. For example, if a field contains a collection, return an unmodifiable view of the collection instead of the original reference.

  Remember, creating an immutable class involves careful design and adherence to principles that prevent modification of the class's state. By following these approaches, you can create classes in Java that are inherently immutable and thread-safe. Java Course In Pune

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  18 июля 2023 г., 23:15:12 PDT

  Declare the class as final so it can't be extended. When we create an object of an immutable class, we cannot change its value.

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  9 августа 2023 г., 6:24:06 PDT

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